The Fundamental Roles Of Leadership And Organizational Change

The fundamental roles of leadership are to affect change and to enhance their follower decision and actions. According to Northouse (2013) leadership is defined as a process where an individual influence a group of individuals to achieve a common goal (p.5). Within my organization, my leadership approaches are prevalent to the mission, vision, and goals for the Los Angeles County, Child Support Services Department. In particular, my leadership role consists of supporting and achieving consensuses with the child support community. The decision I make on a daily basis should display positive leadership traits and characteristics, which includes understanding, identify and enhancing organizational effectiveness. For the purpose of this paper, I will synthesize, evaluate, and apply concepts theories and strategies relation to leadership and organizational change. Analysis Shortly after completing my graduate degree, I begin working in the Executive Office for the Child Support Services Department. I am currently holding the title of a Child Support Officer II; however, my duties consist of assisting the Special Assistant to the Director. Although I have been in this Department for only seven months, my overall growth and productivity skills as a leader has improved tremendously. The career opportunity has afforded me to travel to seminars, roundtable discussion, conference, and summits to collaborate with policy stakeholders. My experiences and services within this departmentShow MoreRelatedWomen s Organizational Effectiveness Leadership Styles873 Words   |  4 PagesFemales more than males embrace organizational effectiveness leadership styles. This is evident by the styles in motivation, expectation layout, rewards programs, and leadership enthusiasms (Zheng, 2015). 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Personal Statement On Employee Management - 912 Words

Last week I had two shadowing experiences that fell in line with my competencies and two experiences that did not, but were still extremely important to client management. I worked alongside the Sales Coordinator Ksenia, the Convention Sales Manager Teagan, the Banquet Manager Luis, and the Sales Manager Ashley. Last Monday (09/21/15) I had the pleasure of learning the BEO system for Marriott with the Sales Manager Ashley. Marriott full service hotels do not use Delphi for their BEO’s, instead they use a B.E.O. software specific to Marriott called C.I.T.Y. This is a very difficult software to operate, and can take months to be completely trained in. Ashley (Sales Manager in charge of BEO’s) who is new to the company and the area was happy to share the knowledge she did know. She didn’t have a full BEO implementation to show me, but she did have a small piece to show me which I found very interesting. For this specific meeting group, they were have a 3 day meeting that required a continuous beverage package priced by consumption. C.I.T.Y. is interesting in that it didn’t offer an option to select the continuous beverage package; instead each beverage type had to be selected and set to price by consumption. Although this was time-consuming task, I was able to quickly pick up the procedure and input the beverage for the last full day of the meeting. This experience lined up perfectly with my chosen competency Banquet and Catering Sales: Planning Coffee Breaks.Show MoreRelatedThe Performance Of Lee Electronics1252 Words   |  6 Pagesstrategy, that effectively conveys management gratitude. Additionally, the sales performance, bonus allocation amount and timeframe, needs to be clearly defined. Therefore, the following report will make recommendations on a communication strategy to achieve this objective. 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Auditing Theory and Practice in Several Factors

Question: Discuss about the Auditing Theory and Practice in Several Factors. Answer: Introduction Audit risk is defined as any form of risk in which an auditor expresses an inappropriate opinion related to the financial statements. The measurement of the audit risk consists of the inherent risk factors, control risk and the detection of the uncertainties prevalent in the financial reports. The most noted form of inappropriate audit reporting is mainly observed in issuing of unqualified audit report in which the qualification has been justified reasonably. The control risks are related to the misstatements that may be corrected, detected or prevented through the internal control mechanism. The control risk assessment may arise due to inappropriate separation of the duties and inappropriate definition of the same. There have been several inherent risk factors observed mainly due to the likelihood of different types of material misstatements, which leads to fraud or error before considering the effectiveness of the internal control system. In several cases, an auditor is unable to d etect the misstatements, which leads to instability in the financial statements (Accounting-simplified.com. 2016). As stated by McNeil, Frey and Embrechts (2015), the study of audit risk is primarily conceptual in nature when the comparison is made with other accounting courses. In order to be more successful in knowing the level of allowable audit risk and auditor should emphasize the learning based on conceptual framework of accounting and apply the auditing concepts different scenarios and circumstances. In order to assess the various types of level of risk which can be accepted the information has been sourced from the International Federation of Accountants and International Accounting Standards Board. The major phases in assessment of the level of audit risk involves clients acceptance in continuance and establishment in terms of the engagement of audit risk, planning of audit and integration of internal control system. An auditor can consider the level of materiality by ensuring the independence in the audit team and fulfillment of the audit engagement requirements (AccountingWEB. 2014). Discussion The purpose of conduction of initial audit is intended to provide a reasonable amount of assurance of the integrity and accuracy of the financial statements. The main purpose is to ascertain the different types of risk involved in preparing a report and provide assurance and avoidance of using excessive time, cost involved in performance which may outweigh the gains from the derived or the results. The external audit is prepared to ensure that the financial statements are free from any errors and material misstatements. It also ensures that the tax authorities can rely on the statements to determine the accuracy during tax returns. The financial institutions reports finalizes and assess the credit risk related to financial position and liquidity. The management of the firm considers exercising risk management procedures and internal control systems with the help of different types of feedback given by external auditors during the course of audit process. Hence, the audit report is de signed to increase the reliance of the users of the audit report has the process has to go through several procedures in the audit process (Accaglobal. 2016). As per the requirements under International Standards on Auditing (ISA) 315, and auditor needs to understand the entity and the environment before accessing the risks related to material misstatement and developing of the responses to address the issues. The assessment of audit risk procedure consists of four processes. A company and the sector in which it operates relate the first process to the understanding of business operations of the firm. The second processes related to the understanding of different types of financial difficulties which can be faced by the firm and also taking into consideration the risks faced by clients. The third stage of the process involves the assessment of various types of material misstatements as a result of business states and the final process in the level of risk assessment involves responding to the risks and addressing it on the basis of a report (Accounting-simplified.com. 2016). According to Geiger, Raghunandan, and Riccardi (2013), the likelihood of financial risk due to the going concern may be related to the past difficulties of the company in procuring external finance and complying with the covenants and the related terms. The risks are also related to the requirement of working capital for maintaining seasonal fluctuations in the demand. In several types of cases that it is been seen that the risks are due to finance facilities which are yet to be renewed but not agreed and moreover the management had not planned for any alternatives for the extension of present facilities. In different cases management has plans to sell the assets in order to overcome the financial difficulties but the values included may not be realized and in case that assets will not be sold or the realized value would be lower, may not be sufficient for the company to overcome the financial difficulties. The going concern risks are also due to the uncertainty and volatility in the future cash flows. Several industries has shown falling the sales due to the credit crisis and although different industries have been affected, the unpredictable nature pertaining to the environment makes it further difficult for the companies to forecast the shortfall in cash and assure adequate availability of cash requirements. In several cases, the entities of financial statements are dependent on the key suppliers and hence situations when supplies face the difficulties supplying of essential raw materials the company needs to spend more time for sourcing of suitable supplier (Pcaobus.org. 2016). According to Sadgrove (2016), in order to focus the fair value factors of the risk assessment is based on the nonexistence of active market, which is required for the valuation purposes. In some cases, the impairment in the noncurrent assets section require additional expertise to assess the high risk valuation in the material misstatements. The auditor also needs to consider different types of strategic risks, which may have a direct impact on the financial statement. This type of strategic risk may be obvious due to the price competition of the goods and it would require higher amount of rent and operating cost in order to cope up with the price competition and create a downward pressure on the prices (Boone, Khurana, and Raman, 2014). In terms of the risk related to systems and controls auditor should consider designing of the effectiveness related to operational controls and address the different types of identified risks parameters. The auditors should be able to ensure that the companys documentation and systems has been properly evaluated and the accounting department has taken into consideration the contingent factors while preparing the financial statements. Some of the other financial risk factors, which need to be considered by preparing audit report, include impairment in the assets, which are held for the purpose of fair value assessment. In several cases, the customers are likely to face difficulties related to finance for high level of receivables and hence it will be the irrecoverable in future. In several cases the impairments of the carrying value as did not affect the financial statement should not be capitalized when considering the non-purchased goodwill amount (Pcaobus.org. 2016). The International Standard on Auditing (ISA) is responsible to identify and make the assessment for different types of material misstatement, which has been stated in the financial statement during an audit report. The assertions are based on the representation by the management of the firms, which may be explicit and used by the auditor for considering the various types of potentiality in terms of the misstatements, which may occur, in the financial report. As per thy is the definition on business risk, it is considered as the risk can arise from significant events and have an adverse effect on the ability to achieve and execute the different strategies and objectives of the business (Nicolaescu 2013). In several cases, the internal control risk has been seen by management and other personnel in achievement of the entities objective and reliability of financial reporting to find the efficiency and effectiveness to comply with the applicable laws and regulations (Ifac.org. 2016). Conclusion Hence, it can be concluded by saying that the level of audit risk feature an auditor is willing to take is based on the significance of the risk. The significance levels of the risks are considered with the material misstatements, which are related to entities risk assessment process for the various types of the identified risk factors. An auditor shall be able to identify the financial risk level based on financial statement level of the company (ISA para A105-A108). The auditor needs to identify the risk level and decide whether the information obtained is related to the purpose of the present audit process. This is because the changes in the control of environment is relevant in obtaining the high standard of audit results and this may require an auditor to make inquiries and perform appropriately to include relevant systems of auditing procedure. In several cases due to the nature of special-purpose, entities in form of corporate trust or partnership entity the audit process may take into consideration several exclusions during assessing material misstatements. The most common type of risk is observed due to non-routine transactions or risk related due to judgmental matters. The non-routine transactions are related to the unusual risks, which may arise either due to the size on nature of the business. Reference List Accaglobal. (2016). Audit planning in difficult times | ACCA Global. [online] Accaglobal.com. Available at: https://www.accaglobal.com/in/en/discover/cpd-articles/audit-assurance/difficult-times.html [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016]. Accounting-simplified.com. (2016). Audit Risk Model | Inherent Risk, Control Risk Detection Risk. [online] Available at: https://accounting-simplified.com/audit/risk-assessment/audit-risk.html [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016]. Accounting-simplified.com. (2016). Purpose Objective of Auditing Financial Statements. [online] Available at: https://accounting-simplified.com/audit/introduction/purpose-of-audit.html [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016]. AccountingWEB. (2014). Top 10 audit problems revisited. [online] Available at: https://www.accountingweb.co.uk/business/financial-reporting/top-10-audit-problems-revisited [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016]. Boone, J.P., Khurana, I.K. and Raman, K.K., 2014. Did the 2007 PCAOB Disciplinary Order against Deloitte Impose Actual Costs on the Firm or Improve Its Audit Quality?.The Accounting Review,90(2), pp.405-441. Ettredge, M., Fuerherm, E.E. and Li, C., 2014. Fee pressure and audit quality.Accounting, Organizations and Society,39(4), pp.247-263. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Nicolaescu, E., 2013. Understanding Risk Factors for Weaknesses in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting.Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management,1(3), pp.38-44. Pcaobus.org. (2016). AU 312 Audit Risk and Materiality in Conducting an Audit . [online] Available at: https://pcaobus.org/Standards/Auditing/pages/au312.aspx [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016]. Pcaobus.org. (2016). AU Section 9312 - Audit Risk and Materiality in Conducting an Audit: Auditing Interpretations of Section 312 . [online] Available at: https://pcaobus.org/Standards/Auditing/Pages/AU9312.aspx [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016]. Sadgrove, K., 2016.The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Geiger, M.A., Raghunandan, K. and Riccardi, W., 2013. The global financial crisis: US bankruptcies and going-concern audit opinions.Accounting Horizons,28(1), pp.59-75.

Information System to Manage Stock of Sainsbury-Free-Samples

Question: Develop an Information System to Manage Stock of Sainsbury. Answer: Introduction An information system is becoming a backbone of the organisations as it provides a various set of solutions to the company. An information system is providing a better set of solution to the organisations with the effect of which they can manage their payment system. An information system is one of the aspects without which it would become hard for the banks to process payments, the government would not be able to collect taxes, hospitals would not be able to provide proper treatment to the patients, and it would have become really tough for the supermarkets to maintain the stock in shelves. It is being evaluated that in almost every sector information system is required like it is required in the financial sector, education sector, government sector, healthcare sector, manufacturing sector and almost all type of small and large business. It plays a prominent role for all the businesses and helps them in managing their stocks, orders as well as their payment systems. Hence, a report is developed in which information related to the information system project will be provided which will help the organisation in sustaining and will help in ensuring that it will be able to attain success in the market after applying the project to the workplace. Importance Of Team Negotiation In Project Selection Sainsbury is the organisation which is planning to develop a Management Information System so as to keep the track record of the stock available with it (Coronel Morris, 2016). The company is working towards to develop the project which is effective and will help the same in managing the work and complete the same in a more frequent and effective manner. The selected project will track details of each and every single unit; the track record will be kept with the help of the bar code in which system will manage the counts on the basis of the bar codes swapped. The reason behind developing the project was to ensure that company could remain up to date and should ensure to manage its stock whenever required (Khan, et. al., 2016). Doing so will help the company in providing continuous services to the customers available in the market. The risk of the scarcity of the products and services will be reduced. It was noticed by the management of Sainsbury that person hired by it for the purpose of keeping the track record of the stocks available with the company was not working effectively for the same (Kucherov, Zamulin, 2016). Hence, it has decided to work on the project of management information system so as to ensure that it could maintain a true record and manage the supply of products and services. So as to work on the project, an IT team was hired by Sainsbury to work on the project. In this negotiation was done by the IT team to ensure that the project could be managed in a proper way and all the work could be processed within the deadlines (Chuang, Howley, 2012). There are certain aspects which were taken into consideration in the negotiation, these aspects are: Project should get completed in 2 Months which is equal to 60 days Budget of the project is $50000 Project should be formulated by using the most effective way and path so that it could be completed within the time decided by the company (JIE, 2017) The contract will be formed on fixed basis. Any fluctuations will not be considered in near future. 4 systems will be availed by the company so as to ensure that the project could be processed in an effective way. It is required that a checklist should be prepared at the end of the project to ensure that the each and every requirement of the project should get fulfilled. It is also necessary that the division of work should be done equally so that project team could work effectively on the same (Ajilchi, Kargar, 2015). Project Life Cycle And Its Requirements Managing a project is a very crucial aspect and when it comes to the information system project it becomes more important that all the requirements of the projects should be taken into consideration before processing the same. For a management information system project, one of the most important aspects is time and availability of a proper set of resources (Carvalho, et. al., 2015). It is required that a proper infrastructure should be provided to the team so that they can manage the work effectively. Availability of all set of resources is another aspect which is required to be taken into consideration. Laptops and the internet are the main sources which are required for the project. Selection of appropriate project methodology is another aspect which is required to be focused upon by the project manager (Cengage Lea Schwalbe, 2015). (Coronel Morris, 2016) To ensure that the project could get completed on time it is required that a work breakdown structure should be developed. This will help in maintaining priorities and will help in completing the project on time (Furnham, Gunter, 2015). Focusing upon project life cycle will help in providing a step by step process for the project. It will help in managing the things in the way required so as to complete the project within the deadlines. Project Lifecycle Project lifecycle is a step by step process which helps in developing a framework for the project. It is necessary that a project manager should work on the lifecycle and should prefer to manage the project accordingly (Khan, et. al., 2016). Further discussion will help in developing a better understanding of project life cycle: Initiating Phase: It is necessary that the project should be initiated in which assurance should be made that the purpose of the development of project should remain clear (Kucherov, Zamulin, 2016). The relevant set of information should be gathered in relation to the project which is to be worked upon. In the project of Sainsbury, all the requirements were taken into consideration on the basis of which the project will be initiated. Planning Phase: Planning phase includes, information related to the project and helps in determining all the aspects which will be included in the project. It is important that all the aspects of the project should be planned in the advanced form after which the further decisions for the process of the same should be made (Sikwane, 2016). (Wasson, 2015) Execution Phase: After planning and developing a blueprint for the project it is required that the same should be executed. Execution of all the plans should be done in a proper way. This will help in completing the project in a required form and will help in delivering quality to the same (Pigott, Hobbs, 2011). Project Closure: This is the last step which should be taken into consideration after completion of the project. In the project closure phase, it is required that the project manager should focus on several factors like monitoring, controlling, closure and review of the project. These aspects will help in managing the project in a proper as well as effective way. These are several phases of project life cycle which are required to be focused upon by the project so as to ensure that the project could get completed in an effective and appropriate way (Chuang, Howley, 2012). Work Breakdown Structure Work Breakdown structure of the project helps in determining the priorities of the work in a project management aspect (JIE, 2017). For a project manager, one of the most important aspects is bifurcating project activities, according to the priorities and providing the date of initiation and the date of completion of that particular task. Such type of aspects helps in providing an assurance that the project will get completed within the required dates. Work breakdown structure also helps in ensuring that the project could get completed within the budget developed (Ajilchi, Kargar, 2015). S. No. Activities of Project Initiation Date Completion Date 0 Information System Project for Sainsbury 7-01-2017 7-01-2017 1 Information Gathering 7-01-2017 7-10-2017 2 Adoption of all the Important Aspects 7-10-2017 5-20-2017 2.1 Project Goal Setting 7-10-2017 7-14-2017 2.2 Analysis of Project Requirement 7-14-2017 7-16-2017 2.3 Organizational Process Research 7-16-2017 7-18-2017 2.4 Process Flow Indication 7-18-2017 7-20-2017 3 Developing Project Plan 7-20-2017 7-30-2017 3.1 Preparation of Timeframe 7-20-2017 7-22-2017 3.2 Identification of Deliveries 7-22-2017 7-24-2017 3.3 Developing Modules 7-24-2017 7-27-2017 3.4 Activity Division 7-27-2017 7-30-2017 3.5 Priority Setting 7-30-2017 7-30-2017 3.5.1 Presenting Graphically 7-30-2017 8-05-2017 4 Executing Plans 8-05-2017 8-20-2017 4.1 Introducing Software 8-05-2017 8-06-2017 4.2 Preparing Project Structure 8-06-2017 8-07-2017 4.3 Programming 8-07-2017 8-08-2017 4.4 Running Codes 8-08-2017 8-20-2017 5 Project Closure 8-20-2017 8-30-2017 5.1 Checklist development 8-20-2017 8-22-2017 5.2 Monitoring and Controlling 8-22-2017 8-24-2017 5.3 Management Report Development 8-24-2017 8-25-2017 5.4 Testing/Removing Bugs 8-25-2017 8-29-2017 6 Closing/Terminating 8-29-2017 8-30-2017 Gantt Chart (Carvalho, et. al., 2015) The above Gantt chart is showing the schedule for the project. With the help of the above Gantt chart bifurcation of each and every activity could be seen in an appropriate way (Cengage Lea Schwalbe, 2015). The Gantt chart developed by the project manager will provide a proper direction on the basis of which further project will be processed in an appropriate as well as in an effective way. Scope Sainsbury was planning to work on the project so as to manage the stock. An information system will be developed which will help Sainsbury to manage the stock and to evaluate all the aspects which are required. This project will help in managing the stock and will help in determining the requirements of the workplace. Such type of aspects helps in fulfilling the requirement of the people available in the market. The scope of this project is to manage the work process and to ensure that stock available with the company could be managed also to ensure that demand and supply of the company could be managed in an appropriate as well as in the way which is required by the market (Coronel Morris, 2016). Project Budget ACTIVITIES EXPENSES($) Project Performa 15000 Developing Modules 5000 IT team members Fees 20000 Purchasing Systems 5000 Misc. Expenses 5000 Total 50000 The budget developed will help in managing the things in an appropriate way. This budget will provide a direction to the project management team that on which aspects how much expenses are required to be paid. This budget will help in reducing the unnecessary costs which could incur in the project in near future (Furnham, Gunter, 2015). Project Management Model Information system project will be developed for Sainsbury so that its inventory and stock could get managed in a proper way. To manage the project in a proper way it is required that an appropriate project management model should be chosen by the project manager (Khan, et. al., 2016). To make the assurance for this system configuration and development model is chosen by the project manager. To ensure that the project could be completed in a proper and quality could get delivered system configuration and development will be applied. (Kucherov, Zamulin, 2016) Project Management Plan Project management is the process which will help in delivering all the activities in a right order. Developing a project plan and initiating all the aspects in an appropriate way will help the project manager in fulfilling project requirements. Although a proper project plan was shown in work breakdown structure and in the Gantt chart developed by the project manager. It is required that a project manager should work towards evaluate all the critical aspects of the project. These aspects will be shown in the project plan developed (Sikwane, 2016). For a successful project, it is required that human resource planning should be done in an appropriate way. Then a work management plan should be developed Then time management plan will be developed by the project manager After time management plan it is required that a cost management plan should be developed After this, an information management plan will be developed Then the next step is to develop a risk management plan (Wasson, 2015) And the last step is to develop a quality management plan which will help in managing the quality of the project. Critical Path (Pigott, Hobbs, 2011) Critical path method is the method which is used by the project manager to provide a proper support. It is necessary that a proper path should be used by the project manager to formulate the project (Chuang, Howley, 2012). Applying the shortest and most appropriate path will help the project manager to manage the things in a proper way. Critical path method helps in estimating the critical path and the path which is most suitable for the completion of the project. It is required that the project manager should choose and apply the most appropriate path so as to manage the project and to complete the same within the time period decided by the project manager and the company. Critical path method will help in managing the things according to the time decided and will help in managing the project within the budget decided (JIE, 2017) Conclusion At the end, it could be concluded that the project which is developed by the project manager will provide a proper set of help and support to Sainsbury. It is required that a project manager should consider each and every aspect which is provided in the report. Work breakdown structure helps in developing a project plan also provides a direction moving on which will help the company in developing a quality project. Critical path method is the most appropriate method which could be used by the project manager to manage the project in the direction planned by the same. The project plan is one of the most effective aspects which could be used to manage the things in a right order. Development of the budget is another aspect which is required to be focused upon by the project manager. A budget helps in providing a set direction with the help of which project manager could reduce the unnecessary expenses which could incur in the project in near future. Gantt chart helps in ensuring that t he project team could work properly on the project and project requirements could be fulfilled in an appropriate and effective way. References Ajilchi, B. and Kargar, F.R., (2015). 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